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    • 专利摘要:
    Space detection system in elevators. The system consists of placing several ultrasonic sensors on the roof of the elevator car, pointing towards the ground. The decision to stop will take it taking into account: - The arithmetic mean of the values obtained by each sensor. - The comparison of this arithmetic mean with each of the values given by each sensor. - The deviation of the arithmetic mean with respect to the reference value. When the elevator is empty, the sensors take measurements, an arithmetic mean is made of the values taken by the sensors and a reference value is calculated, as people enter the elevator, the arithmetic mean of the measurements taken by the sensors is decreasing, with this system, in addition to considering this value, it would have to be compared with each one of the values taken by each sensor. This system could also be used with other types of space detectors.
    公开号:ES2682528A1
    申请号:ES201700302
    申请日:2017-03-20
    公开日:2018-09-20
    发明作者:Kevin MARTÍN MURCIANO
    申请人:Kevin MARTÍN MURCIANO；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    image 1 DESCRIPTION
    Space detection system in elevators. Object of the invention
    The present invention relates to a system that prevents an elevator (elevator) in which there is no free space still stopping on the floors in which someone has pressed the button and intends to raise or lower. We refer to space filling, not by weight. Background of the invention
    Although there is already the weight control device in the elevator and the systems that have been used for years in skyscrapers, such as elevators that only stop on odd or even floors, or those that go from 20 to 20 floors, which already It is a time saver, the system that is proposed, is one more step in reducing the downtimes of the users of the elevators of tall buildings (homes, offices, hotels, public buildings ...), hospitals ...; This system would save a vital time that is not contemplated in the systems developed today as full weight.
    With the existing systems at present, if, for example, you press on the 22nd floor, the elevator stops even if it is not possible for a single person to enter, because it does not detect that there is overweight of people, either because today the people are thinner and do not detect that overload, or, the space is equally null due to the filling of the elevator by boxes, baby carriages, handicapped people etc. There are also recently, intelligent computer systems that detect, peak hours at certain plants by automatically sending elevators to those locations. This would not happen with this new system, which would detect that, in the elevator there is not a single person left and would send a signal to the elevator so that it does not stop at the demanded floors, thus saving time to the people who go inside the elevator and to those who They are waiting on the floors of the buildings in addition to the hall itself, with its due savings, due to lower energy consumption.
    In the loss of time explained below, these systems (high weight occupancy) and the most modern (intelligent computer systems) were already implemented.
    The time that is wasted, in skyscrapers (+ 100m high), waiting for an elevator, which at peak times, comes systematically full, is infinite.
    Some companies occupy several floors of the same building and their employees must travel by elevator, which causes them to lose valuable time, both professionally and personally. For a worker who develops his activity in a skyscraper, we could value him in 25 hours per year, 3 days of work (salary lost by companies).
    In a building of about 50 floors there are about 5000 workers who pass daily and about 15 elevators, with this system a great saving of time, energy and money (workers' wages) would be achieved.
    In this type of building, contemplating that each worker loses 25 hours a year x 5000 workers = 14 years of wasted time per building each year in the hallways waiting for the elevator, so companies lose about $ 3,750,000 for the lost time of its employees, based on an average salary of 30 usd / hour.
    image2
    In those same buildings where different companies are located, the distribution of envelopes and merchandise represents a whole logistic exercise every day. Both for the dealer of a courier company that occupies the entire elevator with several boxes and for people who come to their jobs and have not been able to access the elevator.
    In residential buildings of about 40 floors with about 800 people per building, each person loses 16 hours a year. By building, the time can reach 533 days of waiting. This without counting the energy savings that would be per building, both for the common good of the city and the community reflected in a cheaper bill.
    More than 1,000,000 people daily are affected by this in a city like New York. It is absolutely extrapolable to other major cities in the world.
    In these data, the time is calculated, beginning to count from that for the elevator that cannot be used due to the high occupancy, until the arrival that can be accessed, divided in half, that is, the estimate of the loss of time is even greater than the one exposed. If we focus on hotels, at specific times, we can also calculate the time lost. In city hotels, when you go for business or work, in the early morning hours, who has not had to wait for more than one elevator since when stopping at its floor, it was already crowded with people from above and contemplated with anger how did he have to wait another moment to go down to breakfast or go out to get on track of the activity he had scheduled. As for holiday hotels, breakfast and dinner schedules are also a source of frustration when taking the elevator. In hospitals, it is also a source of despair to contemplate how the elevator is full and cannot be raised or lowered and the occupants who are already there, also observe those useless stops from floor to floor, with a mixture of misunderstanding and anger. Although the most important part to consider, in this hospital setting, would be the valuable time that can save a life or improve a prognosis for a test if the staff goes faster. Although there are already special elevators for stretchers and staff, that does not always work properly. Description of the invention
    The system consists in preventing an elevator in which there is no free space still stopping on the floors in which someone has pressed the button and intends to go up or down. We refer to space filling, not by weight.
    Obviously, the system is most useful in those buildings of greater height, whether private (homes), public (offices, courts), hotels, banks, hospitals ...
    There is a clear advantage for the elevator itself and its manufacturer, since it would prolong the time and use in the life of the same, by completely reducing unnecessary stops and for the communities where this system is installed, deriving this energy saving in a reduction of cost on the electricity bill.
    Consequently, this translates into energy savings that are beneficial for the manufacturer of elevators, at the cost level and for society in general, for the sake of greater sustainability. Energy saving is undoubtedly important but a more sustainable future must also be our concern. In terms of saving time for users, the advantage is total.
    image3
    The proposed system would calculate the occupation density of the elevator based on the ability to detect objects and measure distances from the sensors to the objects and to the elevator envelope.
    The operation of the system will be explained by ultrasound sensors, since its use in non-industrial applications such as object detection, parking sensors or UAVs is increasing. Its use outside the industry has been increasing due to various factors among which its low cost and its increasingly high reliability can be highlighted. The development of increasingly reliable sensors, with greater tolerance to noise and temperature and greater precision, is leading to a tendency to change. In addition, the devices are becoming more robust, allowing them to be used even in the most adverse conditions.
    One of the biggest advantages of ultrasound is its ability to recognize a large number of materials and surfaces. Ultrasonic sensors can detect solids, liquids and even dust. The color does not affect them and the surface properties also have no effect on the reliability of the detection. These can be rough, transparent or bright and dirty, dry or wet.
    Regarding the limits of exposure to ultrasound by air, there are regulations or recommendations in several countries that may have certain similarities. Given the extensive and ineffective it would be to consider some of these recommendations separately, it seems best to consider for the practice of valuations a provisional criterion that would combine these, taking into account the small discrepancies between them. According to this criterion, for an exposure time of 8 h / day or 40 h / week, the sound pressure levels expressed in dB recommended for the different frequency band centers of one third octave. The frequency of the sound emitted by the ultrasonic sensors is usually 40 kHz with a bandwidth between 1 kHz and 2 kHz and a sound level of about 120 dB (a common headset usually has 100 dB). With this in mind, and since these data refer to an exposure time of 8 hours a day (much longer than the time a person spends a day in an elevator), we can say that the system is safe for humans .
    Ultrasound sensors are able to detect an object and determine its distance from the sensor without the need for physical contact. Depending on the type of sensor, these distances can vary from a few centimeters to 10 meters. The sensor emits ultrasonic pulses that are reflected in the object. The generated echo is received again by the sensor and converts it into an electrical signal. This is known as sound propagation time.
    The sensor measures this elapsed time between the emitted pulse and the received echo and calculates the distance to the object using the speed of sound. This distance can be evaluated and displayed in different ways, it is usually converted to an analog voltage value (for example, from 0 to 5V).
    This distance will be directly proportional to the generated electrical signal, so that the further the object is, the higher the output voltage obtained.
    This detection system could also be used with other space detectors, laser, infrared etc.
    image4
    image5
    image6 Description of the drawings
    FIGURE N ° 1 view of an empty elevator in which this system has been installed with 6 sensors.
    5 FIGURE N ° 2 view of a full elevator in which this system has been installed with 6 sensors.
    FIGURE N ° 3 view of an elevator, in which, although the arithmetic average of the 6 10 Vmed sensors could be less than Vlim, causing the elevator not to stop and yet, more people would fit in the elevator.
    FIGURE N ° 4, plan view of an example of an elevator with capacity for 8 people and its different possibilities of space full that do not necessarily imply a full load 15 (weight). Preferred embodiment
    The system consists of placing several sensors on the roof of the elevator car, 20 pointing towards the floor. The number of sensors will vary depending on the size of the elevator. The decision to stop or continue will be taken taking into account:
    - The arithmetic mean of the values obtained by each of the sensors.
    25 - The comparison of this arithmetic mean with each of the values given by each sensor.
    - The deviation of the arithmetic mean with respect to the background or reference value.
    We explain it better with an example represented in the drawings that accompany this
    30 description: an elevator in which we have arranged 6 sensors (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6). During the time in which the elevator is empty, the sensors take measurements (Vosn with n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), an arithmetic average of the values taken by the 6 sensors is performed and a background value or reference, which we call Vo.
    image7
    As people enter the elevator, the arithmetic mean of the measurements taken by the sensors (Vmed) decreases, since the distance that the sensors are going to detect is no longer that of the ceiling to the ground (Vo), but the from the ceiling to a person's body, the surface of
    40 a suitcase, a box, a wheelchair ... As a result, the arithmetic mean of the 6 sensors will begin to be lower than the reference value Vo. When this value is less than a Vlim value, you will consider that the elevator is full and it will not stop.
    image8
    But it may be the case that Vmed is smaller than Vlim and yet the elevator is not completely occupied. For example, a carrier carrying a stack of boxes until almost touching the roof (Figure 3): the arithmetic mean of the 6 Vmed sensors could be less than Vlim, causing the elevator not to stop and yet, more people would fit in the elevator. To avoid this situation, in addition to considering the arithmetic mean of the 6 sensors, it should always be compared with each of the values taken by each sensor, so that
    image9
    image10
    image11
    5 If Vmed differs greatly from one or several Vsn or some Vsn = Vo, it would be considered that the elevator is not fully occupied and would stop.
    Thus, both in the case of Figure 2 and in Figure 3, Vmed is smaller than Vlim. However, in Figure 2, the measurements taken by each sensor are very similar to each other (Vs1
    10 ≈ Vs2 ≈ Vs3 ≈ Vs4 ≈ Vs5 ≈ Vs6) so the elevator will continue without stopping. On the contrary, in Figure 3, although Vmed is also smaller than Vlim, the measurements taken by sensors 1, 3 and 5 (Vs1, Vs3, Vs5) are very different from those of sensors 2, 4, 6 and also Vs1 = Vs3 = Vs5 = Vo, so the system detects that there is a gap in the elevator and it will stop.
    fifteen
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
    image 1
    image2
    image3
    1. Decision procedure on the existence of free space in an elevator and the corresponding stop control using ceiling-obstacle distance sensors, characterized in that it comprises the following stages:
    a) Determination of a preprogrammed value, Vlim. b) Measurement by distance sensors of the distances from the ceiling to the floor of the
    elevator, Vosn, when the elevator is empty. c) Calculation of the arithmetic mean, Vo, of the Vosn values. d) Measurement by distance sensors of the distances from the ceiling to the
    Obstacles, Vsn, when there are one or more obstacles inside the elevator. e) Calculation of the arithmetic mean, Vmed, of the Vsn values. f) If Vmed is greater than Vlim, the lift is considered partially filled and
    You can make stops. g) If Vmed is smaller than Vlim, it is considered that the elevator is completely full and cannot make stops.
    [2]
    2.  Decision procedure on the existence of free space in an elevator and the corresponding stop control using ceiling-obstacle distance sensors, according to claim 1, characterized in that if in step g), at least one value of Vsn is equal to Vo , it is considered that the elevator is partially full and may make stops.
    [3]
    3.  Decision procedure on the existence of free space in an elevator and the corresponding stop control using ceiling-obstacle distance sensors, according to claim 2, characterized in that if in step g), Vmed is much greater than at least one of the Vsn values, it is considered that the elevator is partially full and may make stops.
    [4]
    Four.  Space detection system in elevators, for the implementation of the method described in claims 1-3, characterized in that it consists of a plurality of distance sensors located on the ceiling of said elevator and a processor that implements the steps of said method.
    [5]
    5.  Lift space detection system according to claim 4, characterized in that at least one of the distance sensors is an ultrasonic sensor.
    7
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2682528B1|2019-07-26|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US5487451A|1994-01-26|1996-01-30|Otis Elevator Company|System and method for determining the availability of an elevator car for response to hall calls|
    WO2012077863A1|2010-12-10|2012-06-14|이화여자대학교 산학협력단|System for guiding elevator boarding information and touch panel for displaying elevator boarding information|
    US20140122018A1|2011-06-03|2014-05-01|Elsi Technologies Oy|Method and system for observation|
    DE102014001971A1|2014-02-16|2015-08-20|Martin Thimm|elevator control|
    US20160264149A1|2015-03-10|2016-09-15|Lenovo Pte, Ltd.|Determining available capacity in a transportation mechanism|
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    ES201700302A|ES2682528B1|2017-03-20|2017-03-20|Elevator space detection system|ES201700302A| ES2682528B1|2017-03-20|2017-03-20|Elevator space detection system|
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